MYCELLIUM (4 Mushrooms)

Reishi Musroom & Immune System

Lin ZB. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immuno-modulation by Ganoderma lucidum. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Oct;99(2):144-53. doi: 10.1254/jphs.crj05008x. PMID: 16230843. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16230843/

Cheng CH, Leung AY, Chen CF. The effects of two different ganoderma species (Lingzhi) on gene expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Nutr Cancer. 2010;62(5):648-58. doi: 10.1080/01635581003605516. PMID: 20574926. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20574926/

Gao Y, Zhou S, Jiang W, Huang M, Dai X. Effects of ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Immunol Invest. 2003 Aug;32(3):201-15. doi: 10.1081/imm-120022979. PMID: 12916709. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12916709/

Mandal A, Viswanathan C. Natural killer cells: In health and disease. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2015 Jun;8(2):47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 27. PMID: 25571788. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25571788/

Chen X, Hu ZP, Yang XX, Huang M, Gao Y, Tang W, Chan SY, Dai X, Ye J, Ho PC, Duan W, Yang HY, Zhu YZ, Zhou SF. Monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immuno-modulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Mar;6(3):499-508. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.08.026. Epub 2005 Sep 15. PMID: 16428086. Https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428086/

Zhang Y, Lin Z, Hu Y, Wang F. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum capsules on T lymphocyte subsets in football players on “living high-training low”. Br J Sports Med. 2008 Oct;42(10):819-22. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.038620. Epub 2007 Nov 29. Erratum in: Br J Sports Med. 2009 Apr;43(4):310-1. PMID: 18048435. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18048435/

Wachtel-Galor S, Tomlinson B, Benzie IF. Ganoderma lucidum (“Lingzhi”), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation study. Br J Nutr. 2004 Feb;91(2):263-9. doi: 10.1079/BJN20041039. PMID: 14756912. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14756912/

Reishi Mushroom and Cancer

Yihuai Gao & Shufeng Zhou (2003) Cancer Prevention and Treatment by Ganoderma, a Mushroom with Medicinal Properties, Food Reviews International, 19:3, 275-325, DOI: 10.1081/FRI-120023480 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1081/FRI-120023480

Liu YW, Gao JL, Guan J, Qian ZM, Feng K, Li SP. Evaluation of antiproliferative activities and action mechanisms of extracts from two species of Ganoderma on tumor cell lines. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Apr 22;57(8):3087-93. doi: 10.1021/jf900011f. PMID: 19368349. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19368349/

Chung WT, Lee SH, Kim JD, Park YS, Hwang B, Lee SY, Lee HY. Effect of mycelial culture broth of Ganoderma lucidum on the growth characteristics of human cell lines. J Biosci Bioeng. 2001;92(6):550-5. doi: 10.1263/jbb.92.550. PMID: 16233144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16233144/

Jie Liu, Kenji Kurashiki, Atsuko Fukuta, Shuhei Kaneko, Yoshitaro Suimi, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Ryuichiro Kondo, Quantitative determination of the representative triterpenoids in the extracts of Ganoderma lucidum with different growth stages using high-performance liquid chromatography for evaluation of their 5α-reductase inhibitory properties, Food Chemistry, Volume 133, Issue 3, 2012, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814612000672

Ghafar MA, Golliday E, Bingham J, Mansukhani MM, Anastasiadis AG, Katz AE. Regression of prostate cancer following administration of Genistein Combined Polysaccharide (GCP), a nutritional supplement: a case report. J Altern Complement Med. 2002 Aug;8(4):493-7. doi: 10.1089/107555302760253694. PMID: 12230910. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12230910/

deVere White RW, Hackman RM, Soares SE, Beckett LA, Li Y, Sun B. Effects of a genistein-rich extract on PSA levels in men with a history of prostate cancer. Urology. 2004 Feb;63(2):259-63. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.09.061. PMID: 14972467. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14972467/

Chen X, Hu ZP, Yang XX, Huang M, Gao Y, Tang W, Chan SY, Dai X, Ye J, Ho PC, Duan W, Yang HY, Zhu YZ, Zhou SF. Monitoring of immune responses to a herbal immuno-modulator in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Mar;6(3):499-508. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.08.026. Epub 2005 Sep 15. PMID: 16428086. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16428086/

Oka S, Tanaka S, Yoshida S, Hiyama T, Ueno Y, Ito M, Kitadai Y, Yoshihara M, Chayama K. A water-soluble extract from culture medium of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia suppresses the development of colorectal adenomas. Hiroshima J Med Sci. 2010 Mar;59(1):1-6. PMID: 20518254. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20518254/

Jin X, Ruiz Beguerie J, Sze DM, Chan GC. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 5;4(4):CD007731. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007731.pub3. PMID: 27045603; PMCID: PMC6353236. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27045603/

Santesso N, Wieland LS. A Summary of a Cochrane Review: Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Integr Med. 2016 Oct;8(5):619-620. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.07.025. Epub 2016 Jul 20. PMID: 28083078; PMCID: PMC5222619. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28083078/

Reishi Mushroom and Fatigue and Depression 

Tang W, Gao Y, Chen G, Gao H, Dai X, Ye J, Chan E, Huang M, Zhou S. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study of a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract in neurasthenia. J Med Food. 2005 Spring;8(1):53-8. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2005.8.53. PMID: 15857210. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15857210/

Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Huang X, Wang J, Kang X. Spore Powder of Ganoderma lucidum Improves Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Endocrine Therapy: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:809614. doi: 10.1155/2012/809614. Epub 2011 Dec 10. PMID: 22203880; PMCID: PMC3236089. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22203880/

Reishi Mushroom and Heart Health

Chu TT, Benzie IF, Lam CW, Fok BS, Lee KK, Tomlinson B. Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br J Nutr. 2012 Apr;107(7):1017-27. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003795. Epub 2011 Aug 1. PMID: 21801467. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21801467/

Klupp NL, Chang D, Hawke F, Kiat H, Cao H, Grant SJ, Bensoussan A. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 17;2015(2):CD007259. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007259.pub2. PMID: 25686270; PMCID: PMC6486141. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25686270/

Reishi Mushroom and Blood Sugar

Xiao C, Wu QP, Cai W, Tan JB, Yang XB, Zhang JM. Hypoglycemic effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in type 2 diabetic mice. Arch Pharm Res. 2012 Oct;35(10):1793-801. doi: 10.1007/s12272-012-1012-z. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PMID: 23139131. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23139131/

Pan D, Zhang D, Wu J, Chen C, Xu Z, Yang H, Zhou P. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of a novel proteoglycan from ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies on db/db mice and the possible mechanism. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 11;8(7):e68332. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068332. PMID: 23874589; PMCID: PMC3708940. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23874589/

Klupp NL, Chang D, Hawke F, Kiat H, Cao H, Grant SJ, Bensoussan A. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 17;2015(2):CD007259. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007259.pub2. PMID: 25686270; PMCID: PMC6486141. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25686270/

Reishi Mushroom and Antioxidants

Wachtel-Galor S, Tomlinson B, Benzie IF. Ganoderma lucidum (“Lingzhi”), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation study. Br J Nutr. 2004 Feb;91(2):263-9. doi: 10.1079/BJN20041039. PMID: 14756912. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14756912/ 

Chu TT, Benzie IF, Lam CW, Fok BS, Lee KK, Tomlinson B. Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br J Nutr. 2012 Apr;107(7):1017-27. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003795. Epub 2011 Aug 1. PMID: 21801467. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21801467/

Chaga Mushroom and Inflammation:

Slavich GM. Understanding inflammation, its regulation, and relevance for health: a top scientific and public priority. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;45:13-14. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.012https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361086/

Kim YR. Immunomodulatory Activity of the Water Extract from Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus. Mycobiology. 2005;33(3):158-162. doi:10.4489/MYCO.2005.33.3.158

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774877/

Ko SK, Jin M, Pyo MY. Inonotus obliquus extracts suppress antigen-specific IgE production through the modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Oct 11;137(3):1077-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.024. Epub 2011 Jul 28. PMID: 21820502.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21820502/

Se Young Choi, Sun Jin Hur, Chi Sun An, Yun Hui Jeon, Young Jun Jeoung, Jong Phil Bak, Beong Ou Lim, “Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Inonotus obliquus in Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate”, BioMed Research International, vol. 2010, Article ID 943516, 5 pages, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/943516

Mishra SK, Kang JH, Kim DK, Oh SH, Kim MK. Orally administered aqueous extract of Inonotus obliquus ameliorates acute inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Sep 28;143(2):524-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.008. Epub 2012 Jul 20. PMID: 22819687.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22819687/

Chaga Mushroom and Cancer

Lee SH, Hwang HS, Yun JW. Antitumor activity of water extract of a mushroom, Inonotus obliquus, against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23(12):1784-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2836. PMID: 19367670.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19367670/

Arata S, Watanabe J, Maeda M, et al. Continuous intake of the Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) aqueous extract suppresses cancer progression and maintains body temperature in mice. Heliyon. 2016;2(5):e00111. Published 2016 May 12. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00111

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4946216/

Youn MJ, Kim JK, Park SY, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Lee JS, Chai KY, Kim HJ, Cui MX, So HS, Kim KY, Park R. Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jan 28;14(4):511-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.511. PMID: 18203281; PMCID: PMC2681140.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18203281/

Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of extracts and compounds from the mushr https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814613000526oom Inonotus obliquus, Food Chemistry, Volume 139, Issues 1–4, 2013,

Lee HS, Kim EJ, Kim SH. Ethanol extract of Innotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) induces G1 cell cycle arrest in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2015 Apr;9(2):111-6. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.2.111. Epub 2015 Mar 12. PMID: 25861415; PMCID: PMC4388940.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25861415/

Chaga Mushroom and Blood Sugar

Wang C, Chen Z, Pan Y, Gao X, Chen H. Anti-diabetic effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides-chromium (III) complex in type 2 diabetic mice and its sub-acute toxicity evaluation in normal mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Oct;108(Pt B):498-509. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jan 11. PMID: 28087233.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28087233/

Sun JE, Ao ZH, Lu ZM, Xu HY, Zhang XM, Dou WF, Xu ZH. Antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of dry matter of culture broth of Inonotus obliquus in submerged culture on normal and alloxan-diabetes mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jun 19;118(1):7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.030. Epub 2008 Mar 4. PMID: 18434051.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18434051/

Wang J, Wang C, Li S, Li W, Yuan G, Pan Y, Chen H. Anti-diabetic effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice and potential mechanism via PI3K-Akt signal pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;95:1669-1677. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.104. Epub 2017 Oct 6. PMID: 28954386.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28954386/

Hypoglycemic Effects of Fermented Chaga Mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) in the Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rat  [2006]

Cha, J.Y. (Daesun Distilling Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea); Jun, B.S. (Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea); Kim, J.W. (Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea); Park, S.H. (Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea); et al.https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=KR2007000481

Diao BZ, Jin WR, Yu XJ. Protective Effect of Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Symptoms and Their Potential Mechanisms in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:841496. doi:10.1155/2014/841496https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100277/

Lion’s Mane Mushroom and Dementia:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21383512/ 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27350344/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC513 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4895996/3811/ 

Depression and Anxiety

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26150007/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364170 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29091526 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5237458/ 

Lion’s Mane Mushroom and Nervous

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20834180 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26853959 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12675022 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12675022 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3449638/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941586 

Ulcer digestive tract:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25167134 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25532720 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26853960 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364939 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23557368 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24302966 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29156761 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29677563 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26933886 

Lion’s Mane Mushroom and Heart Disease

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3714447/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622452 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24959591 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20637576 

Lion’s Mane Mushroom and Diabetes

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087447 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3852124/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415746/ 

Lion’s Mane Mushroom and Cancer

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896861/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26547693 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779573 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24631140 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25306354 

https://www.ncbi.nlmnih.gov/pubmed/15737684 

Information

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3492709/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25529054 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21716693

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23000690 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25960751 

Lion’s Mane Mushroom Immune system:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28266682 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28713364 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624604 

Side effects:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14714963 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10344494